Virtualization Series

The operational layer: lifecycle, snapshotting, pre-copy / post-copy live migration, high-availability replication (Remus), microVMs (Firecracker), and fleet orchestration. How operational requirements shape VMM architecture.

What virtualization actually costs on modern hardware. CPU, memory, I/O, scheduling, and memory-pressure overhead components, and the residual costs that two decades of hardware extensions have not eliminated.